Synthetic Biology is an interdisciplinary study that attempts to design, construct and synthetize new biological or biohybrid systems based on engineering principles. Due to the growing challenges in seeking high-quality animal feeding and ensuring food security, synthetic biology has brought new opportunities for modern agriculture. In recent years, synthetic biology research has become an attractive route for promoting the production of livestock, improving the quality of food and feed, reducing the use of antibiotics, cutting down the production costs, and achieving sustainable development of breeding field. A collection of up-to-date biosynthesis-related research will greatly advance our understanding of the application status and future development of agricultural synthetic biology. The aim of this Special Collection in Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology is to collect and highlight the recent research advances brought by the development of synthetic biology in the field of animal science and biotechnology. This Collection supports and amplifies research related toSDG 2, Zero Hunger,SDG 3, Good Health and Well-Being,SDG 12, Responsible Consumption and Production,SDG 13, Climate Action, andSDG 15: Life on Land. All submissions in this collection undergo the journal’s standard peer review process. Similarly, all manuscripts authored by a Guest Editor(s) are handled by the Editor-in-Chief. As an open access publication, this journal levies an article processing fee (detailshere). We recognize that many key stakeholders may not have access to such resources and are committed to supporting participation in this issue wherever resources are a barrier. For more information about what support may be available, please visitOA funding and support, or emailOAfundingpolicy@springernature.comor the Editor-in-Chief. Submit your manuscript to this collection through the participating journal. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology is a leading open access journal publishing innovative research across agriculture, dairy and animal science.